authz: add QAuthZPAM object type for authorizing using PAM

Add an authorization backend that talks to PAM to check whether the user
identity is allowed. This only uses the PAM account validation facility,
which is essentially just a check to see if the provided username is permitted
access. It doesn't use the authentication or session parts of PAM, since
that's dealt with by the relevant part of QEMU (eg VNC server).

Consider starting QEMU with a VNC server and telling it to use TLS with
x509 client certificates and configuring it to use an PAM to validate
the x509 distinguished name. In this example we're telling it to use PAM
for the QAuthZ impl with a service name of "qemu-vnc"

 $ qemu-system-x86_64 \
     -object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/security/qemutls,\
             endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \
     -object authz-pam,id=authz0,service=qemu-vnc \
     -vnc :1,tls-creds=tls0,tls-authz=authz0

This requires an /etc/pam/qemu-vnc file to be created with the auth
rules. A very simple file based whitelist can be setup using

  $ cat > /etc/pam/qemu-vnc <<EOF
  account         requisite       pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow file=/etc/qemu/vnc.allow
  EOF

The /etc/qemu/vnc.allow file simply contains one username per line. Any
username not in the file is denied. The usernames in this example are
the x509 distinguished name from the client's x509 cert.

  $ cat > /etc/qemu/vnc.allow <<EOF
  CN=laptop.berrange.com,O=Berrange Home,L=London,ST=London,C=GB
  EOF

More interesting would be to configure PAM to use an LDAP backend, so
that the QEMU authorization check data can be centralized instead of
requiring each compute host to have file maintained.

The main limitation with this PAM module is that the rules apply to all
QEMU instances on the host. Setting up different rules per VM, would
require creating a separate PAM service name & config file for every
guest. An alternative approach for the future might be to not pass in
the plain username to PAM, but instead combine the VM name or UUID with
the username. This requires further consideration though.

Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>

configure

@@ -463,6 +463,7 @@ gnutls=""
 nettle=""
 gcrypt=""
 gcrypt_hmac="no"
+auth_pam=""
 vte=""
 virglrenderer=""
 tpm="yes"
@@ -1381,6 +1382,10 @@ for opt do
   ;;
   --enable-gcrypt) gcrypt="yes"
   ;;
+  --disable-auth-pam) auth_pam="no"
+  ;;
+  --enable-auth-pam) auth_pam="yes"
+  ;;
   --enable-rdma) rdma="yes"
   ;;
   --disable-rdma) rdma="no"
@@ -1707,6 +1712,7 @@ disabled with --disable-FEATURE, default is enabled if available:
   gnutls          GNUTLS cryptography support
   nettle          nettle cryptography support
   gcrypt          libgcrypt cryptography support
+  auth-pam        PAM access control
   sdl             SDL UI
   sdl_image       SDL Image support for icons
   gtk             gtk UI
@@ -2864,6 +2870,33 @@ else
 fi
 
 
+##########################################
+# PAM probe
+
+if test "$auth_pam" != "no"; then
+    cat > $TMPC <<EOF
+#include <security/pam_appl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+int main(void) {
+   const char *service_name = "qemu";
+   const char *user = "frank";
+   const struct pam_conv *pam_conv = NULL;
+   pam_handle_t *pamh = NULL;
+   pam_start(service_name, user, pam_conv, &pamh);
+   return 0;
+}
+EOF
+    if compile_prog "" "-lpam" ; then
+        auth_pam=yes
+    else
+        if test "$auth_pam" = "yes"; then
+            feature_not_found "PAM" "Install PAM development package"
+        else
+            auth_pam=no
+        fi
+    fi
+fi
+
 ##########################################
 # getifaddrs (for tests/test-io-channel-socket )
 
@@ -6091,6 +6124,7 @@ echo "GNUTLS support    $gnutls"
 echo "libgcrypt         $gcrypt"
 echo "nettle            $nettle $(echo_version $nettle $nettle_version)"
 echo "libtasn1          $tasn1"
+echo "PAM               $auth_pam"
 echo "curses support    $curses"
 echo "virgl support     $virglrenderer $(echo_version $virglrenderer $virgl_version)"
 echo "curl support      $curl"
@@ -6550,6 +6584,9 @@ fi
 if test "$tasn1" = "yes" ; then
   echo "CONFIG_TASN1=y" >> $config_host_mak
 fi
+if test "$auth_pam" = "yes" ; then
+    echo "CONFIG_AUTH_PAM=y" >> $config_host_mak
+fi
 if test "$have_ifaddrs_h" = "yes" ; then
     echo "HAVE_IFADDRS_H=y" >> $config_host_mak
 fi