aio: introduce aio_co_schedule and aio_co_wake

aio_co_wake provides the infrastructure to start a coroutine on a "home"
AioContext.  It will be used by CoMutex and CoQueue, so that coroutines
don't jump from one context to another when they go to sleep on a
mutex or waitqueue.  However, it can also be used as a more efficient
alternative to one-shot bottom halves, and saves the effort of tracking
which AioContext a coroutine is running on.

aio_co_schedule is the part of aio_co_wake that starts a coroutine
on a remove AioContext, but it is also useful to implement e.g.
bdrv_set_aio_context callbacks.

The implementation of aio_co_schedule is based on a lock-free
multiple-producer, single-consumer queue.  The multiple producers use
cmpxchg to add to a LIFO stack.  The consumer (a per-AioContext bottom
half) grabs all items added so far, inverts the list to make it FIFO,
and goes through it one item at a time until it's empty.  The data
structure was inspired by OSv, which uses it in the very code we'll
"port" to QEMU for the thread-safe CoMutex.

Most of the new code is really tests.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fam Zheng <famz@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20170213135235.12274-3-pbonzini@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>

util/async.c

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
 #include "qemu/atomic.h"
 #include "block/raw-aio.h"
+#include "qemu/coroutine_int.h"
+#include "trace.h"
 
 /***********************************************************/
 /* bottom halves (can be seen as timers which expire ASAP) */
@@ -275,6 +277,9 @@ aio_ctx_finalize(GSource     *source)
     }
 #endif
 
+    assert(QSLIST_EMPTY(&ctx->scheduled_coroutines));
+    qemu_bh_delete(ctx->co_schedule_bh);
+
     qemu_lockcnt_lock(&ctx->list_lock);
     assert(!qemu_lockcnt_count(&ctx->list_lock));
     while (ctx->first_bh) {
@@ -364,6 +369,28 @@ static bool event_notifier_poll(void *opaque)
     return atomic_read(&ctx->notified);
 }
 
+static void co_schedule_bh_cb(void *opaque)
+{
+    AioContext *ctx = opaque;
+    QSLIST_HEAD(, Coroutine) straight, reversed;
+
+    QSLIST_MOVE_ATOMIC(&reversed, &ctx->scheduled_coroutines);
+    QSLIST_INIT(&straight);
+
+    while (!QSLIST_EMPTY(&reversed)) {
+        Coroutine *co = QSLIST_FIRST(&reversed);
+        QSLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&reversed, co_scheduled_next);
+        QSLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&straight, co, co_scheduled_next);
+    }
+
+    while (!QSLIST_EMPTY(&straight)) {
+        Coroutine *co = QSLIST_FIRST(&straight);
+        QSLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&straight, co_scheduled_next);
+        trace_aio_co_schedule_bh_cb(ctx, co);
+        qemu_coroutine_enter(co);
+    }
+}
+
 AioContext *aio_context_new(Error **errp)
 {
     int ret;
@@ -379,6 +406,10 @@ AioContext *aio_context_new(Error **errp)
     }
     g_source_set_can_recurse(&ctx->source, true);
     qemu_lockcnt_init(&ctx->list_lock);
+
+    ctx->co_schedule_bh = aio_bh_new(ctx, co_schedule_bh_cb, ctx);
+    QSLIST_INIT(&ctx->scheduled_coroutines);
+
     aio_set_event_notifier(ctx, &ctx->notifier,
                            false,
                            (EventNotifierHandler *)
@@ -402,6 +433,40 @@ fail:
     return NULL;
 }
 
+void aio_co_schedule(AioContext *ctx, Coroutine *co)
+{
+    trace_aio_co_schedule(ctx, co);
+    QSLIST_INSERT_HEAD_ATOMIC(&ctx->scheduled_coroutines,
+                              co, co_scheduled_next);
+    qemu_bh_schedule(ctx->co_schedule_bh);
+}
+
+void aio_co_wake(struct Coroutine *co)
+{
+    AioContext *ctx;
+
+    /* Read coroutine before co->ctx.  Matches smp_wmb in
+     * qemu_coroutine_enter.
+     */
+    smp_read_barrier_depends();
+    ctx = atomic_read(&co->ctx);
+
+    if (ctx != qemu_get_current_aio_context()) {
+        aio_co_schedule(ctx, co);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (qemu_in_coroutine()) {
+        Coroutine *self = qemu_coroutine_self();
+        assert(self != co);
+        QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&self->co_queue_wakeup, co, co_queue_next);
+    } else {
+        aio_context_acquire(ctx);
+        qemu_coroutine_enter(co);
+        aio_context_release(ctx);
+    }
+}
+
 void aio_context_ref(AioContext *ctx)
 {
     g_source_ref(&ctx->source);