# CANBUS

This document describes Klipper's CAN bus support.

## Device Hardware

Klipper currently only supports CAN on stm32 chips. In addition, the
micro-controller chip must support CAN and it must be on a board that
has a CAN transceiver.

To compile for CAN, run "make menuconfig" and select "CAN bus" as the
communication interface. Finally, compile the micro-controller code
and flash it to the target board.

## Host Hardware

In order to use a CAN bus, it is necessary to have a host adapter.
There are currently two common options:

1. Use a
   [Waveshare Raspberry Pi CAN hat](https://www.waveshare.com/rs485-can-hat.htm)
   or one of its many clones.

2. Use a USB CAN adapter (for example
   [https://hacker-gadgets.com/product/cantact-usb-can-adapter/](https://hacker-gadgets.com/product/cantact-usb-can-adapter/)). There
   are many different USB to CAN adapters available - when choosing
   one, we recommend verifying it can run the
   [candlelight firmware](https://github.com/candle-usb/candleLight_fw).
   (Unfortunately, we've found some USB adapters run defective
   firmware and are locked down, so verify before purchasing.)

It is also necessary to configure the host operating system to use the
adapter. This is typically done by creating a new file named
`/etc/network/interfaces.d/can0` with the following contents:
```
auto can0
iface can0 can static
    bitrate 500000
    up ifconfig $IFACE txqueuelen 128
```

Note that the "Raspberry Pi CAN hat" also requires
[changes to config.txt](https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/RS485_CAN_HAT).

## Terminating Resistors

A CAN bus should have two 120 ohm resistors between the CANH and CANL
wires. Ideally, one resistor located at each the end of the bus.

Note that some devices have a builtin 120 ohm resistor (for example,
the "Waveshare Raspberry Pi CAN hat" has a soldered on resistor that
can not be easily removed). Some devices do not include a resistor at
all. Other devices have a mechanism to select the resistor (typically
by connecting a "pin jumper"). Be sure to check the schematics of all
devices on the CAN bus to verify that there are two and only two 120
Ohm resistors on the bus.

To test that the resistors are correct, one can remove power to the
printer and use a multi-meter to check the resistance between the CANH
and CANL wires - it should report ~60 ohms on a correctly wired CAN
bus.

## Finding the canbus_uuid for new micro-controllers

Each micro-controller on the CAN bus is assigned a unique id based on
the factory chip identifier encoded into each micro-controller. To
find each micro-controller device id, make sure the hardware is
powered and wired correctly, and then run:
```
~/klippy-env/bin/python ~/klipper/scripts/canbus_query.py can0
```

If uninitialized CAN devices are detected the above command will
report lines like the following:
```
Found canbus_uuid=11aa22bb33cc
```

Each device will have a unique identifier. In the above example,
`11aa22bb33cc` is the micro-controller's "canbus_uuid".

Note that the `canbus_query.py` tool will only report uninitialized
devices - if Klipper (or a similar tool) configures the device then it
will no longer appear in the list.

## Configuring Klipper

Update the Klipper [mcu configuration](Config_Reference.md#mcu) to use
the CAN bus to communicate with the device - for example:
```
[mcu my_can_mcu]
canbus_uuid: 11aa22bb33cc
```
