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277 lines
10 KiB
Perl
277 lines
10 KiB
Perl
package Slic3r::Layer::BridgeDetector;
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use Moo;
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use List::Util qw(first sum max min);
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use Slic3r::Geometry qw(PI unscale scaled_epsilon rad2deg epsilon directions_parallel_within);
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use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(intersection_pl intersection_ex union offset diff_pl union_ex
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intersection_ppl);
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has 'expolygon' => (is => 'ro', required => 1);
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has 'lower_slices' => (is => 'rw', required => 1); # ExPolygons or ExPolygonCollection
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has 'extrusion_width' => (is => 'rw', required => 1); # scaled
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has 'resolution' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { PI/36 });
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has '_edges' => (is => 'rw'); # Polylines representing the supporting edges
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has '_anchors' => (is => 'rw'); # ExPolygons
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has 'angle' => (is => 'rw');
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sub BUILD {
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my ($self) = @_;
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# outset our bridge by an arbitrary amout; we'll use this outer margin
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# for detecting anchors
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my $grown = $self->expolygon->offset(+$self->extrusion_width);
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# detect what edges lie on lower slices
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$self->_edges(my $edges = []);
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foreach my $lower (@{$self->lower_slices}) {
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# turn bridge contour and holes into polylines and then clip them
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# with each lower slice's contour
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push @$edges, @{intersection_ppl($grown, [ $lower->contour ])};
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}
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Slic3r::debugf " bridge has %d support(s)\n", scalar(@$edges);
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# detect anchors as intersection between our bridge expolygon and the lower slices
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$self->_anchors(intersection_ex(
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$grown,
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[ map @$_, @{$self->lower_slices} ],
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1, # safety offset required to avoid Clipper from detecting empty intersection while Boost actually found some @edges
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));
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if (0) {
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require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
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Slic3r::SVG::output("bridge.svg",
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expolygons => [ $self->expolygon ],
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red_expolygons => $self->lower_slices,
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polylines => $self->_edges,
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);
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}
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}
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sub detect_angle {
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my ($self) = @_;
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return undef if !@{$self->_edges};
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my @edges = @{$self->_edges};
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my $anchors = $self->_anchors;
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if (!@$anchors) {
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$self->angle(undef);
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return undef;
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}
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# Outset the bridge expolygon by half the amount we used for detecting anchors;
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# we'll use this one to clip our test lines and be sure that their endpoints
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# are inside the anchors and not on their contours leading to false negatives.
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my $clip_area = $self->expolygon->offset_ex(+$self->extrusion_width/2);
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# we'll now try several directions using a rudimentary visibility check:
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# bridge in several directions and then sum the length of lines having both
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# endpoints within anchors
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# we test angles according to configured resolution
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my @angles = map { $_*$self->resolution } 0..(PI/$self->resolution);
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# we also test angles of each bridge contour
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push @angles, map $_->direction, map @{$_->lines}, @{$self->expolygon};
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# we also test angles of each open supporting edge
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# (this finds the optimal angle for C-shaped supports)
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push @angles,
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map Slic3r::Line->new($_->first_point, $_->last_point)->direction,
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grep { !$_->first_point->coincides_with($_->last_point) }
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@edges;
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# remove duplicates
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my $min_resolution = PI/180; # 1 degree
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# proceed in reverse order so that when we compare first value with last one (-1)
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# we remove the greatest one (PI) in case they are parallel (PI, 0)
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@angles = reverse sort @angles;
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for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#angles; ++$i) {
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if (directions_parallel_within($angles[$i], $angles[$i-1], $min_resolution)) {
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splice @angles, $i, 1;
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--$i;
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}
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}
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my %directions_coverage = (); # angle => score
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my %directions_avg_length = (); # angle => score
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my $line_increment = $self->extrusion_width;
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my %unique_angles = map { $_ => 1 } @angles;
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for my $angle (@angles) {
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my $my_clip_area = [ map $_->clone, @$clip_area ];
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my $my_anchors = [ map $_->clone, @$anchors ];
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# rotate everything - the center point doesn't matter
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$_->rotate(-$angle, [0,0]) for @$my_clip_area, @$my_anchors;
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# generate lines in this direction
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my $bounding_box = Slic3r::Geometry::BoundingBox->new_from_points([ map @$_, map @$_, @$my_anchors ]);
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my @lines = ();
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for (my $y = $bounding_box->y_min; $y <= $bounding_box->y_max; $y+= $line_increment) {
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push @lines, Slic3r::Polyline->new(
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[$bounding_box->x_min, $y],
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[$bounding_box->x_max, $y],
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);
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}
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my @clipped_lines = map Slic3r::Line->new(@$_), @{ intersection_pl(\@lines, [ map @$_, @$my_clip_area ]) };
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# remove any line not having both endpoints within anchors
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@clipped_lines = grep {
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my $line = $_;
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(first { $_->contains_point($line->a) } @$my_anchors)
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&& (first { $_->contains_point($line->b) } @$my_anchors);
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} @clipped_lines;
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my @lengths = map $_->length, @clipped_lines;
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# sum length of bridged lines
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$directions_coverage{$angle} = sum(@lengths) // 0;
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### The following produces more correct results in some cases and more broken in others.
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### TODO: investigate, as it looks more reliable than line clipping.
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###$directions_coverage{$angle} = sum(map $_->area, @{$self->coverage($angle)}) // 0;
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# max length of bridged lines
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$directions_avg_length{$angle} = @lengths ? (max(@lengths)) : -1;
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}
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# if no direction produced coverage, then there's no bridge direction
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return undef if !defined first { $_ > 0 } values %directions_coverage;
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# the best direction is the one causing most lines to be bridged (thus most coverage)
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# and shortest max line length
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my @sorted_directions = sort {
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my $cmp;
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my $coverage_diff = $directions_coverage{$a} - $directions_coverage{$b};
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if (abs($coverage_diff) < $self->extrusion_width) {
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$cmp = $directions_avg_length{$b} <=> $directions_avg_length{$a};
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} else {
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$cmp = ($coverage_diff > 0) ? 1 : -1;
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}
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$cmp;
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} keys %directions_coverage;
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$self->angle($sorted_directions[-1]);
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if ($self->angle >= PI) {
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$self->angle($self->angle - PI);
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}
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Slic3r::debugf " Optimal infill angle is %d degrees\n", rad2deg($self->angle);
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return $self->angle;
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}
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sub coverage {
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my ($self, $angle) = @_;
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if (!defined $angle) {
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return [] if !defined($angle = $self->angle);
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}
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# Clone our expolygon and rotate it so that we work with vertical lines.
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my $expolygon = $self->expolygon->clone;
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$expolygon->rotate(PI/2 - $angle, [0,0]);
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# Outset the bridge expolygon by half the amount we used for detecting anchors;
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# we'll use this one to generate our trapezoids and be sure that their vertices
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# are inside the anchors and not on their contours leading to false negatives.
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my $grown = $expolygon->offset_ex(+$self->extrusion_width/2);
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# Compute trapezoids according to a vertical orientation
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my $trapezoids = [ map @{$_->get_trapezoids2(PI/2)}, @$grown ];
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# get anchors and rotate them too
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my $anchors = [ map $_->clone, @{$self->_anchors} ];
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$_->rotate(PI/2 - $angle, [0,0]) for @$anchors;
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my @covered = (); # polygons
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foreach my $trapezoid (@$trapezoids) {
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my @polylines = map $_->as_polyline, @{$trapezoid->lines};
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my @supported = @{intersection_pl(\@polylines, [map @$_, @$anchors])};
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# not nice, we need a more robust non-numeric check
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@supported = grep $_->length >= $self->extrusion_width, @supported;
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if (@supported >= 2) {
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push @covered, $trapezoid;
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}
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}
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# merge trapezoids and rotate them back
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my $coverage = union(\@covered);
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$_->rotate(-(PI/2 - $angle), [0,0]) for @$coverage;
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# intersect trapezoids with actual bridge area to remove extra margins
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$coverage = intersection_ex($coverage, [ @{$self->expolygon} ]);
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if (0) {
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my @lines = map @{$_->lines}, @$trapezoids;
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$_->rotate(-(PI/2 - $angle), [0,0]) for @lines;
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require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
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Slic3r::SVG::output(
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"coverage_" . rad2deg($angle) . ".svg",
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expolygons => [$self->expolygon],
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green_expolygons => $self->_anchors,
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red_expolygons => $coverage,
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lines => \@lines,
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);
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}
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return $coverage;
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}
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# this method returns the bridge edges (as polylines) that are not supported
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# but would allow the entire bridge area to be bridged with detected angle
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# if supported too
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sub unsupported_edges {
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my ($self, $angle) = @_;
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if (!defined $angle) {
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return [] if !defined($angle = $self->angle);
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}
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# get bridge edges (both contour and holes)
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my @bridge_edges = map $_->split_at_first_point, @{$self->expolygon};
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$_->[0]->translate(1,0) for @bridge_edges; # workaround for Clipper bug, see comments in Slic3r::Polygon::clip_as_polyline()
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# get unsupported edges
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my $grown_lower = offset([ map @$_, @{$self->lower_slices} ], +$self->extrusion_width);
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my $unsupported = diff_pl(
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\@bridge_edges,
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$grown_lower,
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);
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# split into individual segments and filter out edges parallel to the bridging angle
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# TODO: angle tolerance should probably be based on segment length and flow width,
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# so that we build supports whenever there's a chance that at least one or two bridge
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# extrusions would be anchored within such length (i.e. a slightly non-parallel bridging
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# direction might still benefit from anchors if long enough)
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my $angle_tolerance = PI/180*5;
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@$unsupported = map $_->as_polyline,
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grep !directions_parallel_within($_->direction, $angle, $angle_tolerance),
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map @{$_->lines},
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@$unsupported;
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if (0) {
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require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
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Slic3r::SVG::output(
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"unsupported_" . rad2deg($angle) . ".svg",
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expolygons => [$self->expolygon],
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green_expolygons => $self->_anchors,
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red_expolygons => union_ex($grown_lower),
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no_arrows => 1,
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polylines => \@bridge_edges,
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red_polylines => $unsupported,
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);
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}
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return $unsupported;
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}
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1;
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